Filipino veterans fight for equity, commemorate the Fall of the Bataan

Bataan Day, a Philippine holiday, marks the largest U.S. army surrender in history. More than 70,000 American and Filipino troops surrendered to Japanese forces after brutal fighting for over 3 months in 1942.

What followed was the gruesome 60-mile march from Bataan for the surrendering army. It was the trudge of battle-weary soldiers, bearing the pain, heat, and agony with little to no food to eat. A few soldiers escaped, but many died from starvation, dehydration, and disease. This became known in history as the Bataan Death March.

Justice for Filipino American Veterans (JFAV) commemorated the Fall of Bataan or Bataan Day on April 10 at the Filipino American Community of Los Angeles (FACLA).

I entered the small function room, modestly decorated with a banner on the center stage wall, framed by the American flag on stage left, the Philippine flag and a bust of Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero, on stage right. Plastic chairs in rows of five were set up with a small walkway through the middle, while draped tables with small plastic flowers as centerpieces are lined against the walls for the luncheon after the commemoration.

Arturo Garcia, National Coordinator for JFAV, spoke with me briefly at the event. He has a commanding presence, undoubtedly emanating from his passion for the cause, which becomes apparent within moments of speaking with him.

“We are commemorating the 68th fall of Bataan. Bataan Day, as it is called in the Philippines, is the fall of Bataan, when the main army of USAFFE (United States Armed Forces of the Far East) surrendered. That was the largest garrison of the US in the Far East,” he explained.

Garcia formed JFAV to continue the veteran fight for equity and rights as a campaign for People’s CORE (Community Organization for Reform and Empowerment). The group’s mission has been to bring the Filipino-American community together and fight for justice for all veterans.

“We are asking for the benefits rightly due to the veterans which where denied to them in 1946,” said Garcia. “The 250,000 veterans (who) served for the United States were not even recognized. That is why we are fighting for recognition. We are fighting for benefits. We are fighting for justice.”

As we spoke, several veterans stop by to say hello, shake his hand and look inquisitively at my notepad and recorder. They greeted me with a small hello, a wave or a nod. Garcia told them to grab a seat inside; the program will start soon. Donning their military uniforms and decorations, their medals clinked softly as they shuffled slowly to the function room.

A member of JFAV opened the event and the function room was buzzing with conversations and energy. Present in the commemoration were WWII Filipino veterans, veteran widows and special guests. Filipino-American groups from UCLA Gawad Kalinga, Samahang Pilipino, Kappa Psi Epsilon (Delta Chapter), and Theta Delta Beta (Gamma Chapter) presented the veterans and widows with certificates of recognition.

One by one, the veterans stood up to receive their certificate, though many of them were absent. A veteran sitting in my row carried a Priority Mail envelope with him when his name was called. He carefully placed his certificate inside to avoid wrinkling it. It was a humble reminder that for many veterans, this piece of paper is a small token of recognition for their sacrifice. A small “thank you” from the generation of young Filipinos who remember their historical contribution and significance.

“They (U.S.) want to forget it. We want to remember it. We want to show how the system is being unfair and how injustices are being perpetrated against our veterans,” he added, referring to the 1946 Rescission Act which stripped Filipino soldiers of benefits and veteran status.

Since then, Filipino veterans have been fighting for equity and recognition. It is a fight that JFAV wages along with many Fil-Am veteran groups across the nation.

“JFAV wants to highlight the historical contribution of the Filipino nation, the Filipino soldiers and the Filipino-American soldiers who fought in that war that the US wants to conveniently forget. We are fighting a war to remember,” Garcia said.

The ceremony closed and everyone grabbed their chairs to the tables. People lined up to get their share of pancit and other Filipino dishes. The veterans ate and talked. Each of them looking genuinely happy to be sitting among friends and fellow “kababayans” (countrymen). I sat down and spoke with some of the veterans, introducing myself as a journalism intern writing about the event. Their faces lit up and they told me their various stories (”I was only 16 years old when the Japanese came,” “I came here in 2003!”). One can sense immediately, that there are hundreds of stories waiting to be told and a multitude of voices fighting to be recognized.

Writer’s Note: The 2009 Stimulus Bill included the Filipino Veterans Equity legislation which gives Filipino-American and Filipino veterans a one-time lump sum payment. Today, only 18,000 WWII Fil-Am veterans are alive and living in the U.S. Though JFAV welcomes the compensation, JFAV joins the Migrant Heritage Commission in Washington, D.C. in filing a suit against the Department of Veterans Affairs for the denied claims. Read the press release here.

U.S. troop build-up on Guam faces opposition from locals

It has been ten months since Secretary of State Hillary Clinton re-signed an agreement with Japan officials to relocate Marine Corps Futenma air base. This agreement includes the relocation of 8,000 Marines from the U.S. military base in Japan to the small island of Guam, a U.S. territory.

The agreement was initially signed in 2006 to reduce U.S. military presence in Japan and lighten the load in the airbase which currently holds more than half of the 47,000 troops in Japan, according to news reports.

In a few months, the Marines will be greeted “Hafa Adai” or “Welcome”, as they set foot on Guam.

Recently, the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) reported on the military build-up and the infrastructural stress such a high influx of people would put on the island’s already-stretched resources. An estimated 18,000 troops and families are set to arrive by 2014, but with a population already exceeding 150,000 residents, Guam’s 212 square miles of land seems barely enough.

Also, with an unemployment rate of 9.3 percent, Guam would need much more than what it is currently receiving from its main economic source, the tourism industry. Reports put an additional $100 million in tax revenue that Guam will receive from the relocation, bringing jobs and revenue to the island. This could generate much needed funding for crumbling infrastructures and for education, not only to support the current population, but the additional military personnel and families as well.

But the troop build-up should be more than just throwing money at the island to make the relocation smoother. Though President Obama has approved $738 million to spend on Guam, with reports of additional tax revenue in the first year, community outreach should also be on the table.

Opening lines of communication between local governments and the military is essential and includes discussions and agreements about land use and preservation, military borders, crime rates, military and local tensions that could arise, as well as further discussions about paying for the troop relocation. Without these, the troop buildup will not move beyond the concerns and issues of crime and safety (for both military and local communities) that were prominent issues in Japan, and could be exacerbated by disenfranchisement and resentment for the relocation.

But such frustrations over the military’s presence on Guam are nothing new.

During WWII, Guam served as a vital military base for U.S. troops in the Pacific and was the site of many battles during the war. Many Chamorros, the island’s indigenous people, fought against the Japanese invasion of the island, but many of their descendants are still fighting for war reparations. Several locals have voiced concern over the military’s continued presence and the tolls it is taking on the island–and that the U.S. have little concern over the people of the island.

Guam remains one of the 16 non-self-governing territories in the world, according to the United Nations, and elects one non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. So when changes are made around the island by the federal government, there’s an assumption that not much can be done.

Despite this, Guam maintains one of the highest recruitment rates for the military, according to the PBS report, and pride in the island remains high. The island’s relationship with the U.S. is a long and complex one, bound by history and continues to be shaped by the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. But mostly, Guam’s contributions to the nation remain relatively unheard, unknown, and unrecognized, despite its strategic importance to the military.

The island’s cultural treasures remain a secret from the rest of the U.S. and its significance in U.S. history left unwritten in many books. Perhaps this time around, as the island prepares for the build-up to support the nation’s defense plans, Guam would be more than just a footnote in U.S. history.

Healthcare bill raises fear of denied coverage among legal immigrants

As Congress moves closer to passing legislation that will expand health insurance coverage to 30 million Americans, many immigrant rights advocates worry that proposed reforms will leave large numbers of legal immigrants without insurance.

At issue is whether Congress will retain a 1996 welfare reform law requiring legal, non-citizen immigrants to wait five years before they become eligible for federal benefits and extend it to a waiting period for subsidies as well. If retained, (as proposed in the Senate bill) it could affect more than one million legal immigrants, according to an October 2009 report by the Migration Policy Institute (MPI).

Also worrisome are strict screening processes proposed in the House bill used to prevent undocumented immigrants from obtaining benefits. Immigrant rights advocates question the effectiveness of these processes, which they say will force legal immigrants to “jump through hoops” to prove their eligibility and could delay critical medical services to those who need them most.

Francisco I. and his family emigrated from Chile seven years ago. As legal residents who are not yet citizens, they pay the same taxes as citizens and are subject to the same laws. Last year Francisco’s father, an engineer, lost his job and with it the family healthcare benefits. He has since found work but his employer does not offer insurance.

When Francisco recently became ill with a high fever, the family could not afford a doctor. After several days, his father found a doctor who agreed to treat Francisco for less than a normal office visit.

“We still ended up paying about $150 just to get somebody to see what was wrong with me and another $150 for medicine,” he says.

Now he worries about what would happen if something more serious were to happen.

“It’s not just getting sick - it’s accidents that worry me the most. Like if I fall and break an arm or get something like a concussion or get in a car crash.”

Current U.S. Census Bureau figures show that 24 million immigrants now live in this country. About 12 million are legal residents, like Francisco. Although most legal immigrants are employed, the MPI report found that 38 percent work at small firms of 25 employees or less. Only one out of three of these workers is insured compared with seven out of 10 U.S.-born workers in similar-sized firms.

While Congress will likely mandate employers to provide insurance for their workers, small firms will probably be exempted from these mandates.

Experts say this will force millions of immigrant workers, many who live below the federal poverty line, to purchase health insurance themselves or turn to already jammed emergency rooms and clinics for medical care.

“Let them buy their own healthcare,” Evelyn Miller, a spokesperson for the California Coalition for Immigration Reform argues. “Why should they go on public benefits?”

The CCIR, established in 1992, is a group who seeks to have current immigration laws enforced, borders secured and illegal aliens deported, Miller explains. She believes that the five-year waiting period should be retained and that only citizens should be eligible for federal healthcare benefits.

“When people come to this country legally to join a family member or they are sponsored by somebody who is a citizen, the sponsor signs an affidavit claiming that the legal immigrant will not be a drain on our public benefits,” Miller says. “So they’re not supposed to get public benefits.”

She says that legal immigrants get a lot of benefits that U.S. citizens do not.

“They go in and try to get food stamps or housing subsidies and all they have to do is show that they have no funds and no income and they get it right away. It’s really a travesty,” she says.

And what about those immigrants who can’t afford to purchase health insurance?

Some will turn to free clinics like the Lestonnac Free Clinic in Orange County, Calif., which sees more than 3,500 patients with about 14,000 visits a year, according to Executive Director Ed Gerber.

Founded in 1979 by a Catholic nun, Lestonnac is funded primarily by private foundations and community donations, with about five percent of the funding coming from the state. Medical services are donated by thirty physicians and fifteen dentists, whom Gerber calls “the backbone of the clinic.”

The clinic’s primary mission is to help the uninsured, whether they are in this country legally or not, Gerber says, so they never question a patient’s documentation.

“We’re not a government agency; we don’t care what their issue is,” he says.

He stresses the importance of providing medical treatment and testing to all immigrants.

“We don’t know who is in line in front of us in the grocery store. We don’t know if this person has tuberculosis or if this person has the swine flu, which is so prominent today,” he says. “We really need to try to take care of these people, especially the new population of immigrants coming in to California, so that we’re not spreading disease to everybody else.”

Fear is a daily part of life for illegal immigrants who fear deportation and for legal immigrants who fear legal entanglements with their citizenship process, so they seek medical care less often than citizens.

A 1997 study by The Kaiser Commission found that citizen children, on average, had over three times as many visits to the emergency room as non citizen children of non citizen parents.

Recently, Gerber has seen a proliferation of minority-run clinics that exploit the fear of newly-arrived immigrants by charging enormous prices for lab work, x-rays, ultra-sounds and other often unnecessary services.

“I find it deplorable that there are doctors out there that start clinics and they rip off their own people,” he says. “These people are afraid to come to community clinics like us because they’re illegal and they’re uncomfortable and they’re afraid we’re going to turn them in. To me, this is an enormous problem that’s happening here in Orange County. They’re just raping their own people and it needs to stop.”

Chilean immigrant Francisco knows people who have avoided going to the emergency room out of fear. They think that a border patrol agent is going to show up at the emergency room. And after they’re done getting their healthcare they’ll get kicked out,” he says.

His own fear of jeopardizing his pending citizenship is so strong that he refused to be identified for this article.

Recent government figures show that more than 20,000 people immigrated legally to Orange County last year, bringing the total foreign-born population to more than 900,000. To meet the growing demand for healthcare, Lestonnac has opened two new clinics – one in Santa Ana and another in Los Alamitos. Plans are underway to open two more in January 2010.

Despite the fact that President Obama’s goal of “healthcare for all Americans” may soon become a reality, Gerber is skeptical that the programs will impact the people he treats at his clinics.

“My hope is that it will make healthcare better. That’s all of our dreams – that whatever Congress does, it actually works,” he says. “As far as impacting us, I don’t particularly see how any of this funding is going to come to our facility. It’s not designated to come to free clinics-it’s going to hospitals and medical groups and FUHC clinics.”

So Gerber’s work providing healthcare to the uninsured will continue.

“Even if this passes there’s still going to be a large gap of people that are still gonna need help.”

Minority Businesses Shut Out of Stimulus Loans

Loans handed out to struggling small businesses as part of President Barack Obama’s stimulus package have largely shut out minority businesses — especially those owned by Blacks and Latinos — according to data provided by the federal government’s Small Business Administration (SBA) to New America Media (NAM).

On June 15, the SBA, using money from the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, launched the ARC program, America’s Recovery Capital, giving banks and credit unions 100 percent guarantees so they’re taking no risk when they make loans of up to $35,000 to previously successful, currently struggling small businesses to help them ride out the recession.

Under the program, the borrower pays no interest and makes no payments for 12 months, then has five years to repay the loan. SBA charges no fees and pays interest to the lender at prime - the rate of interest at which banks lend to favored customers - plus 2 percent.

The Obama Administration does not report the racial breakdown of who’s benefiting from these loans at Recovery.gov, but data obtained by NAM from the SBA found that of the 4,497 ARC loans where the race of the borrower was reported, 4,104 (over 91 percent) went to white-owned firms, 140, (3 percent) went to Hispanic-owned businesses, and 151 (3 percent) went to Asian- or Pacific Islander-owned businesses. Only 65, (1.5 percent) went to black-owned firms.

Overall, white-owned businesses received over $130 million in loans through the program, while Hispanic-owned businesses got $4 million and black-owned businesses less than $2 million.

In five states - Alabama, Arkansas, New Hampshire, South Dakota, and Wyoming — every single firm that received an ARC loan was white-owned. In eight other states, including Louisiana and Nevada, all but one loan went to a white-owned firm.

Civil rights groups and representatives of the minority business communities reacted with anger when told of NAM’s findings.

“It’s just horrendous,” said Anthony Robinson, director of the Washington, D.C.-based Minority Business Legal Defense and Education Fund (MBELDEF). “During this economic recession, there is no recognition or sensitivity to the need to support and benefit people of color.”

“The data raises troubling questions” and should trigger an investigation,” says Oren Sellstrom of San Francisco’s Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights. “This should be a red flag for the SBA and the banks. It gives us the indication that something may be amiss and further explanation is warranted.”

Census figures put black business ownership at 5 percent and Hispanic business ownership at about 7 percent — more than double the numbers getting these SBA-backed loans.

At the SBA in Washington, spokesman Jonathan Swain argued racial disparities in the ARC loan program don’t paint the full picture of the agency’s lending practices. Many of the SBA’s other loan products, he says, have large minority business participation. For example, he says, minority-owned businesses receive 29 percent of loans given through the SBA’s regular lending program and 37 percent of Microloans doled out by the agency.

“It’s hard to look at the ARC program by itself,” he told NAM. “It’s just one tool in the tool box, just one tool in the array to help small business in these tough economic times.”

One reason for the extremely low level of minority participation in the ARC loan program, he maintains, is that the Recovery Act specifically prohibits the agency from allowing an ARC loan to be used to refinance a regular SBA loan, which minority firms are more likely to have.

That explanation isn’t enough for minority business and civil rights groups, however.

Sellstrom of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights isn’t convinced by that argument. “You would think that minority owned firms could use $35,000 for a lot of uses other than paying down SBA loans.”

Sellstom said SBA’s response only underscores the need for further investigation. “It’s often the case that the first explanation leads to further questions,” he said.

Javier Palomarez, the president and chief executive officer of the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, says the ARC loan program was poorly designed and “destined to fail.”

When Congress was drafting the stimulus package, Palomarez said, his agency and other minority business groups argued the severity of America’s recession should have led to the government handing out loans to struggling small businesses directly - rather than simply backing up loans from the very banks that caused the country’s economic recession.

But the SBA and the banks lobbied against direct government financing of small business, he said, and so Congress devised a $35,000 loan program that requires a small business to wade through nearly the same paperwork needed to obtain one of SBA’s regular $2 million loans.

Because of the paperwork and the small sums involved, “most banks don’t want to participate in the loan program, and many of those that are participating are restricting applications only to long-term clients.”

And those long-term clients often exclude small, minority businesses, which banks see as “risky.”

“There’s been a dramatic rise in the risk profile of small businesses,” Palomarez said “and that is even more pronounced among minority entrepreneurs.

“African American and Hispanic entrepreneurs often self-financed their start-ups or expansions, meaning, that they tapped into their own net worth … taking out home equity loans or second mortgages to invest in their communities and create jobs.”

“These businesses did not get a bailout and, while the Administration has been generous with tax credits for struggling businesses, the banks that caused this problem are nowhere to be seen,” he said.

James Ballentine, senior vice president of the American Bankers Association, told New America Media the banks have nothing to do with the racial disparities apparent in the stimulus’ small business loans.

“When somebody comes to us, we don’t look at their race,” he said. “The can be red, white, brown, or green. The only thing we look at is their credit worthiness.”

The main problem, Balletine, said, is “there’s been a real lack of marketing and as a result, very few lenders have participated.” He noted that in the six months since the ARC Loan program was first announced, the SBA has been able to underwrite fewer than 5,000 loans.

But Sellstrom of the Lawyers Committee says the bankers’ analysis doesn’t address the question of the racial inequities. The fact that there’s been little marketing doesn’t mean that nobody is being told about the opportunities. It just means that it’s going on in less formal ways, and those informal channels are the ones that minority businesses are not privy to.”

“The breakdown is that people of color are not present at the banks,” added Anthony Robinson of MBELDEF.” And the government that’s pushing these benefits through are not sensitive to the fact that we are not involved in this distribution network.

“So to solve this problem we need to incorporate people of color into the distribution chain of banks, business, and government. Otherwise, the flaws of the system will only magnify the inequality that’s at the center of our recession.”

–
This article originally appeared on New America Media. Aaron Glantz is NAM’s Stimulus Editor.

* Note on the sources: ARC loan statistics from the U.S. Small Business Administration. Demographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau. Population percentages 2008, Business Ownership percentages are from the Census’ 2002 Economic Census: Survey of Business Owners.

Wildlife Sanctuary battles silently amid city growth and development

With international talks about climate change dominating news cycles, focus has been on government action to mitigate the environmental problems worldwide. Issues of urban growth, habitat protection and preservation are often tasked to government entities, but other environmental battles are fought, often unknown, in smaller communities.

In Walnut, Calif., a city of 32,000 residents and a burgeoning community college population, a relatively hidden treasure has been silently battling to survive against budget cuts, relocation proposals and urban growth.

The Wildlife Sanctuary at Mt. San Antonio College (Mt. SAC) is a lush preserve that has been a part of the college and the city for over 40 years in an unassuming, yet busy street corner of Grand and Temple. Established in 1964, the Sanctuary is a ten-acre protected preserve for plants, shrubs, and animals of Walnut Valley, owned and funded by Mt. SAC and maintained by the college’s Biological Sciences faculty.

In July 2009, Walnut completed a $1.488 million road expansion project (PDF) on Grand Avenue, the main artery to and from Walnut and Mt. SAC, taking about an acre of the preserve where large oak trees and vegetation once stood, according to Craig Peterson, Wildlife Sanctuary Director. 

Relatively untouched and unchanged by developments in Walnut, it has become one of the few places in the San Gabriel Valley left undisturbed. But urban growth, among other factors, is a looming presence that habitat preservations like the Sanctuary faces.

Land with ‘nothing’ on it

Habitat preservations offer invaluable resources to the local community. The Wildlife Sanctuary supports six different ecosystems with wetlands rich in vegetation and wildlife, providing learning opportunities for students. Such opportunities are becoming harder to come by as housing, business plazas and transportation take up free land and lessons on the environment are relegated to textbook illustrations.

Craig Petersen, 62, has been the director since 1981. He has overseen the maintenance, cultivation and operations of the Sanctuary for over 20 years with passion and appreciation.

“Some people said this corner between Temple and Grand is now the most valuable piece of property in the whole city of Walnut because it has ‘nothing’ on it,” he said. “From my perspective, it’s full of native animals and wildlife and teaching opportunities that is extraordinary.”

For years, the Sanctuary has provided thousands of students from the college with onsite lessons on ecosystems and native plants of the region. But Petersen wanted to reach more students in nearby cities, not just the college.

“Many people see a bunch of weeds there,” he said. “They’re not familiar with it until there’s an article about it or until they’ve got a class, and there [are] many faculty that have been here many years that haven’t set foot in it.”

So in 2006, the Wildlife Sanctuary partnered up with Orange County Department of Education’s “Inside the Outdoors” (ITO) program. ITO provides science programs to students in Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties through field trips to various nature centers. The field program at Mt. SAC offers programs for K-4 students with lessons on ecosystem exploration and local Native American lifestyle per California curriculum standards.

“It [partnership with Mt. SAC] has expanded our program to younger students, which has been traditionally more for fourth and fifth graders,” said Kelly Ellis, the project assistant with ITO. “It’s a great way for students to get out in nature. Especially students from low-income families, who may not have had a chance to see so many trees before.”

Mainly funded by grants, ITO has brought more than 8,000 students to the Sanctuary.

It has also brought the Sanctuary much-needed funds. A small student fee from ITO goes directly to the Sanctuary to pay for field naturalists, Ellis said.

In the recent years, the Sanctuary has received a $2,000 annual budget from the college for tools and maintenance. One year, the budget was barely enough to buy two bags of gravel, according to Petersen.

But funding and urban development are not the only battles the Sanctuary and other nature centers and parks around the country face. The survival of these local treasures depends heavily on community members to continue the work needed to safeguard natural habitats.

To do that, the community would need to see the value of the Sanctuary and other natural parks, especially as communities continue to expand and progress. That is what the Sanctuary’s partnership with ITO hopes to do.

“Someday I won’t be here and we don’t know who might be the next person to take charge or take the responsibility,” Petersen said. “Since I’ve been here 30 years, it has been a life-long love of mine to try and keep it going.”

A growing community

Walnut, a residential community ranked as one of the top cities to live in by Money Magazine, has a significant commuter population of college students. This year, Mt. SAC reported a 7 percent increase in enrollment.

Because of this and the city’s growth, Grand Avenue, the main road to the college, has been a cause for concern. Increased traffic over the years has frustrated Walnut residents and the City Council.

“The Grand Avenue intersection has been the most complained about intersection by Walnut residents,” said Mary Rooney, the community services director for Walnut. “It has been on the city’s Capital Improvement list for years.”

The original proposal to alleviate traffic was to use the existing road south of the Sanctuary, but Mt. SAC and the Sanctuary opposed it. Access to the existing road would put the preserve under heavier noise and air pollution, according to Petersen.

The approved project expanded the intersection with more right and left turn lanes to alleviate traffic. The expansion took a 40-foot wedge-shaped area from the Sanctuary.

To offset this loss, the Mt. SAC Board of Trustees agreed to give fifteen acres of land southwest of the preserve and $750,000 to re-vegetate and cultivate the land, as well as to remove the existing road.

But Petersen is realistic about what could come to fruition.

“The enlargement of the Sanctuary has been promised, but not much has moved forward because of the budgetary crisis,” he said.

The money for the Sanctuary is under a local bond, Bond Measure RR, which Mt. SAC hopes to sell soon, according to John Nixon, president of the college’s Board of Trustees.

“We have been promised $750,000 which is huge. But we don’t know if we’ll ever see it,” Petersen said. “If they hold up to their promises, the Wildlife Sanctuary will become mitigated land which will make it more difficult, just at a snap of a finger, to take over and do something with it.”

Nixon, on the other hand, is confident about the future of the Sanctuary.

“The Board of Trustees is committed to it [the Sanctuary], in fact we’re expanding it. There is no jeopardy for the Sanctuary.”

But even if its removal is not in the immediate future, ongoing developments in nearby cities could negatively impact the Sanctuary.

Nearby, the City of Industry plans to build an NFL stadium, which could require future improvements on Grand Avenue. Increased traffic, noise, light and air pollution would interrupt the ecosystems, which are migratory and breeding grounds for many animals.

Though no developments are being discussed yet, Petersen knows that it’s only a matter of time until they may have to face another hurdle.

“This has always been a battle,” he said.

When asked what future developments might mean to the Sanctuary, Petersen quoted environmentalist and author Dr. Richard Vogl, “A preservationist has to win many battles. A developer only has to win once.”

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For more information on Bond Measure RR, click here.

College students and grads face tough challenges with health care

Amber Singam, 30, and her husband, Shankar, 34, are ready to start a family. They have waited for years, so when Singam graduated from Cal State Fullerton (CSUF) with her master’s degree in May, everything seemed ready for a new addition to their family. All she needed was insurance coverage.

Back in August, Singam applied for private health insurance. She filed the paperwork, gave her medical history and any medical procedures she had undergone, but two months later she still hadn’t received an answer. Singam called the insurance company and discovered that she had been denied coverage.

A letter from the insurance company arrived the next day, stating she was denied based on her “high risk for HPV,” or human papillomavirus. For years, Singam had abnormal PAP smear tests, a routine gynecological exam of cells scraped from the cervix to detect cancerous or pre-cancerous conditions. She underwent a procedure four years ago to remove the abnormal cervical cells.

Since the procedure, Singam has received normal results from her PAP tests and has maintained a healthy lifestyle, so when she was denied insurance, it came as a surprise.

Singam is one of the 21 percent of Americans who apply for insurance and are denied health care coverage based on what the insurance industry considers as “pre-existing conditions,” an issue that has come under fire in the recent health care reform introduced by President Obama.

As talks of improving health care focus on seniors and children, much of the debate has neglected the burgeoning population of college-aged students and recent graduates who may not be able to afford private insurance or seek jobs that offer health benefits in this recession.

The number of Americans insured through employers is 164 million, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF). However, with the economic recession and the new batches of graduates joining the work force every semester, looking for employers that offer health benefits are harder to find.

Though Singam was hired as a part-time instructor at a community college in September, her health benefits will not begin until next fall. She faces eleven months without health insurance coverage, but said she is willing to pay for private insurance, especially with their plans to have a baby.

“I can afford to pay for private insurance, but I can’t afford to give birth without insurance,” Singam said. “I am also not able to afford pre-natal care prior.”

Resources and services narrow when students graduate and lose the student status many insurance companies require. But currently enrolled students traverse an equally overwhelming path. They often rely on student clinics or government and public health programs.

College students who have medical conditions that require treatment, like Patrick Cruz, a 23-year-old living in Alameda, may not have the money for private health care.

Diagnosed with psoriasis - a non-contagious autoimmune disease that appears on the skin as raised patches or lesions - Cruz has been fighting for insurance to get treatment.

He was a working student, employed at a local Starbucks, and attending Alameda Community College when he was diagnosed last October. At that time, Cruz was insured by his employer and was able to get some treatment. But he lost coverage when he wasn’t able to meet the quarterly 240-work hour requirement to continue receiving health benefits.

“I was missing a lot of hours because there would be days…when I didn’t feel well,” Cruz said. “I had to quit because [the lesions] were all over my face, too.”

In December, he applied for Medi-Cal, but would not be seen by a specialist until February. By that time, his condition worsened and his plans of applying to the Respiratory Therapy program in a nearby college were put on hold.

Unemployed and short on money, Cruz and his family decided to go to the Philippines where his medicine and treatment would be cheaper. He returned to Alameda three months later with his skin partially cleared.

But flying back and forth to the Philippines isn’t much of an option.

“I can’t keep getting a quick fix. I need something that’ll last longer,” he said. “My condition gets so dependent on medications.”
Though he has received treatment on and off in the past year, his condition hasn’t improved. Regardless, he remains positive and hopeful that Medi-Cal will help him get the treatment he needs when he finally sees a dermatologist at the end of this month.

Until he gets private insurance, he relies on Medi-Cal and other low-cost options.

Knowing what’s out there

Many alumni associations offer discounted health insurance for association members and some grads may qualify for public programs for low-income individuals and families.

Most colleges and universities also include health fees in registration and tuition fees for enrolled students. This gives students access to the on-campus health clinics which usually offer basic medical tests and procedures for free or for a small fee.

Roughly 55,000 student appointments are scheduled per year at CSUF, said Mary Becerra, the director of health education and promotion at the Student Health and Counseling Center on campus. The health clinic is a full-functioning medical clinic, able to perform many basic lab tests and examinations, provide affordable medications through its own pharmacy, offer reproductive health services, and family planning services.

CSUF has an enrollment of 37,000 students and the school’s clinic is the most highly utilized student clinic in the entire CSU system, according to Becerra. Most students come during the high-stress times in their semesters - midterms and final examinations. With the flu season, the student clinic has also seen many upper respiratory issues.

About 70 percent of the students the clinic surveyed said they have some type of insurance, while the remaining 30 percent are the ones that are seen regularly - students who have limited or no access to any type of health care, Becerra said.

Though the student clinic offers a wide range of services, it is still limited. It is not equipped to handle medical emergencies and other serious conditions.

It is the emergencies - a broken arm or a chronic condition - that put students in financial troubles. This is where insurance becomes indispensable - for the “what-ifs.”

Becerra also noted that the University of California requires all students to have insurance coverage - either from a private provider or through the university. But based on tightening budgets of the CSU system and the recent tuition fee increase, it may be tougher to require insurance coverage for all students.

“Mandatory insurance may be out of the question,” she said.

Health care reform in the works

On February 4, President Obama spoke at the joint session of Congress and emphasized the need for a comprehensive health care reform. This speech marked the beginning of the heated debate about the condition of the nation’s health care system. Touted to be the biggest health care reform in decades, the reform aims to extend coverage to more Americans and control the sky-rocketing costs of health care.

About 46 million non-elderly Americans are uninsured, the KFF reports. This could be because of many reasons including unemployment, not meeting employer’s qualifications for insurance coverage or denied health insurance. Some college-aged students fall under these categories who, either willingly or not, forgo insurance coverage.

Recently, the House of Representatives passed an expansive health care bill that would guarantee medical coverage to 96 percent of Americans. The bill would place a tax surcharge on wealthier Americans as well as new taxes on individual and family plans whose values exceed the set amount, according to CNN. The plan would cost under $1 trillion in ten years.

Last week, the Senate Finance Committee introduced a health care reform bill that will cover 30 million Americans and would cost $849 billion over the next ten years. It is aimed to cut costs to individuals, companies and the government and increase efficiency.

Both bills include a public option plan, but with varying provisions and conditions. The House bill requires individuals to buy insurance, with steep penalties for not complying, which could reach up to 2.5 percent of the individual’s income. The Senate bill is a bit more forgiving with fines that could reach up to $750 for not having coverage.

Though both houses have different bills in the works, both agree on broad changes including cutting down costs and preventing insurance companies from denying coverage based on past medical histories.

The Senate bill moves to the floor after Thanksgiving recess for a full debate by lawmakers, giving them an opportunity to introduce amendments to the bill. A long process awaits and a final version of the two bills would have to be approved before the president can sign it into law.

Working with what they have

Currently, CSUF offers insurance coverage for purchase through Anthem Blue Cross. The student insurance offers low-cost group insurance coverage to uninsured students and their dependents on either an annual or semester basis.

Nathan Fletcher, 32 and his daughter have been insured through CSUF’s student insurance for two semesters now. Previously employed by a furniture store in Lake Forest, Fletcher was let go in February because of the recession and was concurrently attending college to fill pre-requisites for the credential program.

When he lost his job, he immediately signed up for health insurance through the university. It cost him $2,000 for health coverage. The fees include $1,100 to cover his daughter and another $1,000 for himself under the Domestic Student insurance plan.

Though he receives financial aid and works part-time as an Instructional Aide, Fletcher admitted that paying the fees at the beginning of every semester is stressful.

“I have no choice. If I have to be prepared [for next semester's payment], I will be,” he said. “It’s expensive to purchase, but the alternative is unfeasible.”

Despite the price, it is still cheaper than private insurance premiums and the school’s insurance gives him sufficient coverage for the price he’s paying, Fletcher said.

Fletcher is one of the lucky ones able to navigate the options available to him and could afford coverage. Also, since the insurance on campus is a group insurance, whoever enrolls will get covered regardless of past medical history.

But depending on the students’ age, status and dependents, premiums range from $500 to over $2,000. All the fees are payable on the day the student signs up for insurance.

Students who don’t have the money risk having no coverage and sometimes utilize the student clinic. Others see the fees and say no altogether, despite the ample coverage and low deductibles of student insurance. Some students just don’t know where to begin.

Most students who have no access to insurance would have to figure it out for themselves, said Joe Vargas, whose Populations in Multicultural Health class at CSUF studies the disparities in access to health care for different groups.

Many undergraduate students are covered through their parents and guardians’ health insurance but some, who are no longer eligible because of insurance requirements, are left with a difficult decision.

“Students today would have to learn how to maneuver the system,” Vargas said.

He noted that students with families, such as expecting mothers, face an even harder challenge.

“It must be challenging to balance pre-natal care, school, jobs and many other things,” he said.

The battle of costs and available resources forces many college students to gamble with their health. Many of them would have to rely on faith. Faith that their immune systems don’t fail and faith that nothing happens to them until they get a job with health benefits, or until the promise of a comprehensive health care reform becomes a reality.

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Francesca Gacho holds a B.A. in English from Cal State Fullerton. She is an intern at Minority Dreams Magazine, where she hopes to spread her journalistic wings, explore and hone her writing ability, and gain insight into the myriad of issues in today’s soundbite-focused world. Her writing interests include human interest pieces that delve into culture, arts, current events, and community service.

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This article was republished at New America Media on Nov. 26.

How U.S. foreign policy may have led to Ft. Hood incident

States don’t just exist - they actively exist. It is as difficult for a state to gain sovereignty and existence as it is to sustain them. And how states sustain both tells us a lot about their sense of national security. National security with regards to terrorism breaks down into two types: domestic and international. The former being terrorism perpetrated by American citizens on U.S. soil and the latter being foreign threats faced by the U.S. either on its own soil or abroad.

With all the focus on international terrorism since 2001, it may seem as though American sovereignty and existence are contingent upon the elimination of imminent, foreign threats. But according to FBI reports between 2002 and 2005, twenty-three of the twenty-four recorded terrorist incidents against the United States were domestic. Minus one white supremacist firebombing of a synagogue, the other twenty-three domestic attacks were carried out by extremist environmental and animal rights group.

The sole international terrorist incident involved an Egyptian national killing two at Los Angeles Airport.

Before the pro-war advocates tell you there was only one such international incident because of Bush’s decision to wage wars against Islamic fundamentalism, also know that between 1980 and 2000, 250 of the 335 suspected terrorist acts against the United States were domestic. It appears that the same animal-loving, tree-hugging, white-supremacist type individuals of today have been targeting the wellbeing of the United States longer than Osama himself. And as a result, American national security may be ruling out the probability that it faces a great danger from members of its own state than it does from pro-bin Laden fanatics hiding in the caves of north-western Pakistan.

With two abysmal wars waging onwards in Iraq and Afghanistan, many are asking the same sorts of questions. Namely, is America really that much safer than it was just before the 9/11 attacks? Is it as unsafe now as it was prior to 2001?

Since 2001, national security measures of the United States have focused on preventing imminent threats from abroad. These measures have narrowed their focus on Islamic groups and individuals – making the assumption that because 9/11 was perpetrated by Muslims, the biggest threat to US national security must continue to come from the Islamic world. Additional assumptions must also exclude the probability that increased terrorist activity from Islamic communities were reactionary to pre-emptive American action. After all, if such wasn’t excluded, one could argue that the United States was engaging in terrorism and facing the opposition out of defense.

There is no doubt that the Untied States has provoked a great deal of social and ethno-religious unrest throughout the Islamic world in recent years. Also given the unique and heterogeneous nature of the American citizenry, these measures have adversely affected many Muslim-American communities. Is it possible for such a state as the U.S. to pursue national security interests, aimed at guarding the wellbeing of the state and its people, such that their very nature ends up marginalizing American citizens it seeks to protect?

Aside from the Americans who raid fur factories and bomb industrial ones (in the name of foxes and Mother Earth) it should become apparent that improper national security measures will also lead to reactionary situations. This is where the international and domestic terrorist threats merge into one major concern. I find this to be the prominent issue surrounding the recent Ft. Hood massacre in Texas. Unlike Lierbman’s anxiousness to investigate where Hasan’s assessment went wrong, I wonder where the U.S. went wrong on a very different level.

By preemptively engaging in two massive wars against Islamic states and developing rather discriminatory legislation aimed at marginalizing individuals of Arab and Muslim descent (see: The Patriot Act), the U.S. created a situation in which its own unregulated paranoia is prompting development of imminent threats against it. In a sense, it is contributing to its own difficulty in maintaining its sovereignty and survival.

Had Hasan not been subject to the discrimination and marginalization that he was, would he have snapped? Had the US not pursued a unilateral mission against the Islamic world, would our troops be as keen on weeding out their fellow Muslim soldiers?

It appears that the majority of attacks have always been domestic, but now we’re importing reasons for our own citizens to pursue them even more.

Every quarter counts in the drive to help homeless veterans.

Grant Deering and his Human Services group, Troops United, want your quarters.

On a cool November day, six or seven multicolored coin canisters are neatly placed in a tight row across a table along the Titan Walk at Cal State Fullerton. Students pass by during the midday rush and avoid eye contact. Caralie Kennedy, a member of Troops United, politely asks passersby to donate what they can. A few students stop by the table, fiddle around their pockets or wallets, and drop a quarter or two. But many say “No” or “I don’t carry change.” To which Kennedy replies with a smile, “That’s okay. We’ll be here tomorrow and next week!”

No donation is too small for Troops United and their fund raising event, “Quartering Our Troops”—a nod to the Quartering Acts in North American colonies that required colonial assemblies to provide food and shelter to troops deployed within each colonies’ borders.

As a class project for a Human Services course, Deering and Kennedy, along with four other Human Services students, are raising funds to benefit the largely unnoticed homeless veteran population.

This awareness, however, did not come too swiftly to Deering and his group mates. Assigned to set up a service to aid the “Troops & Veteran” community, Deering and his group had a little trouble getting started. Luckily, he picked up a local newspaper and read a front page story about David Michael Whittaker, who was once a homeless veteran and his 80-foot American flag that flew high and proud in Newport Beach. Though bound to a wheelchair, Whittaker travels to different states to bring awareness of the homeless veterans’ struggles. Deering e-mailed the story to his group and they all quickly rallied behind the cause.

After searching for organizations that support homeless veterans, Troops United came across New Directions Inc., a non-profit and community-based organization that provides comprehensive services for veterans in need including vocational training, housing assistance and substance abuse rehabilitation, as well as transitional workshops to help veterans rejoin the community. New Directions also has 156 beds in its Regional Opportunity Center in Los Angeles, where veterans get housing assistance as they get back on their feet.

With current reports putting homeless veterans at 23 percent of the national homeless population, organizations like New Directions will likely see more veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.

Although the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs aids an estimated 100,000 homeless veterans, roughly 160,000 veterans still do not receive ample assistance, if at all. Many are male adults, though females account for 4 percent, and come from poor communities. Shelters and transitional home organizations across the country have attempted to bridge this gap, but constant community support and outreach are needed to make such organizations effective and successful.

So far, “Quartering Our Troops” is getting a positive response from students on the CSUF campus and online.

Members of the group use social networking sites and modest advertising to raise awareness and so far, it’s working. The key to their positive following? Connectedness and shared experiences.

“I wouldn’t be surprised if they [the students] know someone in the military,” Deering said.

Numerous students have come up to their donation table with stories of who they know in the armed services. And this is why, with only three days of fundraising, the group has already raised approximately $500. If every student at Cal State Fullerton donated a quarter to help homeless veterans—and the campus currently has 35,000 students attending—Troops United would be able to raise over $8,000 in donations.

They hope to help fund transitional workshops, purchase computers and new software to help with job searches and training. Their efforts continue on campus this week, but the work does not stop there.

“We are going to direct our efforts toward military bases and see what kind of support we will get there,” Deering said.

Though their Human Services class ends in December and their fundraising ends early next month, Deering has hopes that this will not be the end of Troops United’s mission.

“I hope the next group of students coming in the class will pick this up and continue the fundraising,” he said.

It is a humble effort to involve the community, help give veterans access to services, and give back to our nation’s heroes—one quarter at a time.

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To contact Grant Deering of Troops United, e-mail him at futuredocgrant@hotmail.com
For more information on New Directions, Inc. and how you can help, visit www.newdirectionsinc.org

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Francesca Gacho holds a B.A. in English from Cal State Fullerton. She is an intern at Minority Dreams Magazine, where she hopes to spread her journalistic wings, explore and hone her writing ability, and gain insight into the myriad of issues in today’s soundbite-focused world. Her writing interests include human interest pieces that delve into culture, arts, current events, and community service.

Remembering Veterans’ Day

As flags fly half-mast around the nation, we celebrate Veterans’ Day, or what was initially called, Armistice Day—the day that marks the signing of the ceasefire agreement to end the First World War. Signed on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, it has come to symbolize peace between warring nations and to commemorate the fallen. But what has been traditionally, and in spirit, a day of remembrance seems to have passed unnoticed for some people. Outside of a few moments of silence by Congress or the President’s remarks from the White House lawn, for many people, Veterans’ Day has served as a day-off, a break from work or school, getting paid time-and-a-half (if you’re lucky), or perhaps even an opportune time to take advantage of several Veterans’ Day sales. What has started as a day to celebrate peace has become synonymous with flag-laden advertisements for 40% off on widescreen TV’s.

But in light of the recent Fort Hood shooting in Texas, Veterans’ Day this year takes a different tone. Though already a day for commemorating and honoring the servicemen and women of the Armed Forces, it is a somber reminder of the sacrifices given to our country. And this year, Veterans’ Day takes on a mix of tragedy, painful acceptance and reverence for the great sacrifices given.

Twelve soldiers and one Army retiree died in a shooting rampage in the Soldier Readiness Center at Fort Hood military base in Texas, where soldiers are processed for deployment. Much of the shock surrounding the horrific incident is from hearing that “one of our own” is the alleged shooter, that this could happen in a military base—the towering symbol of safety, security, and order. Speculations about the gunman’s motives continue to be debated, but there is no explanation clear enough or comprehensive enough to assuage the loss of friends, families, and colleagues. And this loss has and continues to affect many more families of soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Though we have been embroiled in two wars for years, these wars seem to escape the daily minutiae of American lives. For many, life goes on as usual, punctuated by news marquees of casualty reports on television. What escapes most of us is that soldiers from combat return from deployment every day and rejoin mainstream society as students, co-workers, family, and community members, often with trepidation. Many come home from combat bearing the burdens of war and of life-changing experiences only so few can understand. These are the untold and unrecognized obstacles our veterans face. It is unfortunate that it had to take a tragedy to bring our attention once again to the realities of war time. Though the 13 casualties did not fall by the hands of a foreign enemy, such violence would not be foreign to a war zone. Just like the soldiers who died in combat, they leave families behind to piece together what has happened, to pick up and carry on with their lives, cherishing and honoring loved ones. We tend to think of war as a feat we fight and win, but not always as something we suffer. What the incident at Fort Hood has painfully given us is a chance to look at the tolls of war so close to home.

President Obama, in his speech at the Fort Hood memorial service, described November 11 as a “chance to pause and to pay tribute—for students to learn the struggles that preceded them …. for citizens to reflect upon the sacrifices that have been made in pursuit of a more perfect union.” November 11 passes as a somber day of remembrance for all the fallen, civilian and military, but today, we should also take time to remember the loss and sorrow we suffer from our ongoing wars and what has been given to fight them. Maybe this way we will carry with us those who have sacrificed much for the good of many, remember those who have returned to us, and truly see the meaning of this day beyond elegant speeches, moments of silence, and discounted widescreen TV’s.

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Francesca Gacho holds a B.A. in English from Cal State Fullerton. She is an intern at Minority Dreams Magazine, where she hopes to spread her journalistic wings, explore and hone her writing ability, and gain insight into the myriad of issues in today’s soundbite-focused world. Her writing interests include human interest pieces that delve into culture, arts, current events, and community service.

Living on a dime

Sometimes ‘living on a dime’ is just an expression we use. For some it refers to cutting back on expenses or maybe even dipping into a savings or credit account to make ends meet. But for some people, in some places, this expression literally is a style of living.

The world is divided into three parts: First World countries, Second World countries and Third World countries. Poverty rates differ drastically between each division due to many, often overlapping, political, social, strategic, cultural and economic situations. Many in the Third World deal with very high poverty rates, where people have to scratch through their daily lives and find ways to feed and bathe their children, to put them to sleep in a safe place and find clothes for them to wear. But “need is the mother of all inventions”, and many people use their ingenuity to do some or all of that daily.

Palestine is not much different from any other Third World country. It also suffers from poverty, and has witnessed a huge increase in poverty rates over the last eight years. The Gaza Strip is a small part of Palestine that extends along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is densely populated and suffers from very high rates of poverty and unemployment.

The Gaza Strip has three main commercial ports that allow goods, materials, medical aid, building tools, food to enter. Unfortunately, they stay closed most of the time because of the political situation that we suffer from which leaves all Gazans living on a dime whether we chose it or not.

No electricity, no fuel, no food, no water, no medicine and no life is our daily life here in Gaza; but life cannot stop; it just has to go on and Gazans make sure that happens. Of course, these band-aids have their advantages and disadvantages. Take fuel for instance. Gazans came up with a fuel formula that the world was not aware of before by mixing cooking oil with gasoline. The fuel they came up with can make cars run perfectly.

Advantages: it is very cheap as people turn to falafel shops and restaurants to take huge tanks of used cooking oil for half a dollar each.

Disadvantages: it pollutes the air with huge amounts of smoke and damages the car’s engine if used over the long run.

The fuel formula has been used to develop other products too. Gazans invented cooking tools and ovens that work using the same formula.

Advantages: the oven is very powerful and takes no time to cook, plus the formula is very cheap.

Disadvantages: It produces very high heat and can be dangerous to start and operate.

Using the same formula you can also have a light bulb which is very useful due to the constant electricity outages and a heating system that comes handy in winter.

Advantages: cheap sources of light and heat.

Disadvantages: It produces polluted smoke and can be dangerous to operate and start.

Small (but effective) electric cooking tools:
Cooking tools that depend on electricity to produce a huge amount of heat in no time using iron as the main component in manufacturing them.

Advantages: cooks in no time, very small and doesn’t take any space and very cheap (very affordable).

Disadvantages: the electricity is out most of the time, which makes the electric tools useless, very dangerous and contains naked wires.

Living tents: it’s not an invention but they coped with living in tents like living in houses due to the demolish of their own homes.

Advantages: better than living in the street, a place to live and sleep in and without monthly rent payments.

Disadvantages: It doesn’t protect from the rain, can burn while cooking, very hot in the morning and cold in the night, strained dogs can bite through it and hurt the whole family, and doesn’t apply as a healthy living place.

Gazans live on scratch literally, they use wood and flammable materials to make fire, tents to live in, any edible things for food, public or nearby faucets for water or children’s bathing and dish washing, the beach to bathe their children and wash their clothes and dishes, sleep on the floor, and any kind of cloth to sew and stitch for their children to wear.

“Living on a dime” has a whole new sensation here in the Gaza strip that you have to come, see, feel and experience yourself.

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About the writer: Omar is a 22-year-old journalist living in Gaza – Palestine.

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